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Post by Sarah Navarro on May 24, 2016 2:31:04 GMT
I was also struck by the quote "we are better at performing what we acquire, but we consciously know more about what we have learned." I also thought of second language learning when I read that quote, as I never received much formal education about the rules of English grammar (my native language), but formally learned the rules of Spanish grammar when I was learning it in school. Since English is my first language and I acquired it from birth as well as learned some in school, I am much better at "performing" English than I am Spanish, even though I may know more of the formal rules of Spanish. I was definitely thinking about this as well. In the ESOL class I took last semester, my teacher's native language was Arabic. He always asked us questions about English grammar rules knowing that we did not know the answer, and always saying "this is your language, not mine." He knew so much about language that we didn't mainly because he had to study English relentlessly, and as native English speakers, I'd say we don't really speak "learned" English everyday. So our acquisition makes us comfortable using English, and his learning makes him knowledgable. This is an idea I want to think and elaborate on.. You both had very good points! I kept thinking about second language learning throughout the reading as well. I had always been told that the best way to learn a new language is to completely immerse yourself in the culture, usually by visiting the country for a long period of time. That seems to work well with the idea of acquisition being the major driving force for picking up a discourse (in this case a new language), as opposed to simply learning it in a classroom.
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Post by Sarah Navarro on May 24, 2016 2:53:25 GMT
As I read the chapter for this week, I couldn't help but relate it back to my own personal experiences. I was raised fully bilingual (English and Spanish) and I constantly feel that I am relating the two discourses to one another. The text makes mention of the conflicts and tensions that can occur between two discourses, but I'd like to emphasize the connections that it also allows one to draw between the two. When I was a kid learning to read, having the knowledge from two languages allowed me to understand the meanings of words I had never heard of before, simply by relating the root-words or latin bases to my second language. I feel that that was something that actually lent tremendously to my love for reading and linguistics.
That being said, I do agree with the text that splitting yourself between discourses can definitely be the source of tension. As an undergrad, I took classes in both science and liberal arts subjects, and found that the discourses required vastly different practices from me as a student. For example, my biology class met in a lecture hall and focused mostly on lecture-based instruction. My English classes, on the other hand, were in small classrooms of 12-15 students, with desks in a circle, and we would take turns critiquing each other's work. When I first made the switch from Bio to English, the differences in discourse were a bit daunting.
Has anyone else had experiences where their discourses clashed?
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Post by jennie on May 24, 2016 3:41:04 GMT
Does anyone else have difficulty with the authors preference towards acquisition? Yes it is important, and should happen as a foundation for learning, but is it the only way literacy and discourses are achieved? So much of education is trying to find the perfect balance, between what we think know and new opposing ideas, between self-conceptualization and direct instruction, ect. And if acquisition happens as natural process does that mean it cannot happen with difficulty? If a student wrestles with an idea but in the end has developed a strategy to solve a problem, have they learned? have they acquired?
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Post by jennie on May 24, 2016 3:52:56 GMT
As I was reading this I was reminded a lot about spiral dynamics (not sure who is familiar but anyways,) and saw different secondary discourses as vmemes and stages of socio development. For this reason I think that the we are able to behave in the ways of, and use the rhetorical devices of different discourses when we're in them. The reading said that secondary discourse involves interaction with others taking on an identity that transcends the primary socializing group, but I also think that it transcends other secondary groups. Especially the more socially aware you are of your environments. The reading also said humans become members of one discourse, and it's the primary discourse. I'm not really sure what that means but it seems like the primary discourse should always be changing and that we will also be part of many secondary discourses..
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Post by delilah on May 24, 2016 4:58:14 GMT
i thought this reading was very interesting. I loved the definition of literacy in terms of mastering a secondary discourse. However, I wonder at what point, one can say that they have mastered their secondary discourse. I feel like that alone would be a very controversial topic, as many would say they have whereas, others who are even more skilled in that discourse, may deny that another is considered a "master". So even if there is no fine line to this, where might we be able to draw the line to being "literate".
Also, i loved what jennie said about acquisition occurring naturally, so without difficulty? because at that point wouldn't it be considered learning because in learning we are further putting in effort to know new material and learn, and I feel as if once acquisition becomes difficult and one is struggling, then it is now considered learning.
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Post by jennie on May 24, 2016 5:22:39 GMT
I found this reading extremely interesting especially the idea of mastering a second discourse. In my opinion learning a new discourse requires both acquisition and learning (which is difficult because one happens subconsciously). I believe that it is our job as educators to promote the mastery of new discourses. However, teaching discourses might be extremely difficult especially if children are resistant to the idea. What are some creative ways educators can promote the acquisition and learning of new discourses in the classroom? I definitely agree that both are necessary. As far as acquisition goes there are lots of methods (at least in the math in science world) to achieve this. Student-centered education is really growing in importance and value. This is where the students do the sense making and are presented questions that get them thinking and strategizing before a teacher instructs and summarizes what the students may already be figuring out how to do. It can be achieved through Model-Eliciting Activities, rich tasks, inquiry based activities, experiments, ect.
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ksbarber
New Member
Hello, classmates. My name is Kathy. I have my BFA in Film and adding a teaching certificate.
Posts: 18
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Post by ksbarber on May 24, 2016 15:30:36 GMT
Sorry i am behind, but I am just finishing my notes on Reading #3-Disciplinary Reading. I agreed with Shanahan and Shanahan on most points of their article about how we spend so much effort improving young children's reading and assume that "vaccination" will lead them to continually advance their reading naturally as they get older, but that does not seem to be the case. There is clearly a need to continue teaching advanced literary skills at every level of education to build vocabulary as students advance to higher disciplines of learning.
I was especially intrigued by their comments about how we teach them whole word recognition skills for words like "Of", "is", "the", but what happens when they come across words like "paradigm", Rhombus" and "reluctant" later life? I've tried reading the entire dictionary to memorize more words and that is not the answer. Thus the need to teach Phonics along with other forms of reading tools so students can pronounce words and then just use a dictionary to learn the meanings. The importance of advanced literary skills in today's economic and political world, not to mention the health care aspect with the forms to fill out, disease and drug names and directions to follow, could make the difference between life or death.
Not only has our world changed from the division of higher literacy jobs versus blue collar factory jobs, but we are encouraging more young people to "be whatever they want to be". I mentioned in a past posting that my younger daughter had issues with the "Whole word recognition/look-see" version of reading they were teaching when she was in the early grades. She also had problems with spelling and pronunciation. But she was smart in a lot of other ways. I taught her the phonics methods myself and later in life when I told her she could "be whatever she wanted to be", and she chose Veterinarian. The notion that disciplinary literacy cannot be learned at a later age if the proper additional assistance and guidance is given is a fallacy. But of course it depends on the determination and drive of the individual student. I am proud of the fact that today, although she may not be able to spell every word correctly in a handwritten letter (thus the need/benefit for spell-check and computers), she has been saving the lives of animals and finding solutions for lame animals to walk again in a field that the teachers of the 1950s and 60s would have told her she was not cut out for. There is a lot to be said for giving that extra help needed by some students to let them adapt and move over the literacy hurdles that might otherwise keep them from their heartfelt vocations.
Let's address the shocking AMA videos of people who were ashamed to tell doctors they could not read well and ended up signing away permission for hysterectomies, taking medicines in too large of quantities at the wrong times. It is horrible that this is happening in our society, both from the standpoint that we do not teach the importance of reading to students for just these reasons (not being able to read could kill you), and on the part of the health-care industry not to realize that this is an issue and they should address it with their patients. Perhaps a chapter(s) should be added to our Biology books used in schools about dealing with the health-care industry regarding our bodies and the importance of questioning and reading everything having to do with your healthcare.
Elizabeth Moje studies the intersection of disciplinary literacies at school and the literary practices of students outside of school. This is interesting because her premise that students draw from their homes, community, ethnic backgrounds and school cultures to "make cultures" is the explanation of what we used to call "cliques" and now might be called "gangs" or "packs". Students enact identities based on a combination of all these influences on their lives and often choose to become a part of a group of friends of like minds and experiences. I think I never quite fit in to any one group or clique at school, but was not really considered an outcast or outsider. The study she is doing in Detroit on modern teenagers sounds very promising for us to better understand the teenage psyche.
I just read the Knobel & Lankshear (2008) first chapter of their "Handbook of Research on New Literacies" last night. It deals with how the internet and other social media communication technologies alter the nature of literacy today. I had already been thinking about this myself and considered this topic as a "Leading a Discussion" subject because everywhere I look people are either typing into their phone, talking on their phone with an earpiece while they work or walk, and sharing videos online. This has to have an impact on future of education and the level of literacy practices we may hold for students in the future. They bring up the question of whether this brings "anything new to literacy just because the tools have changed from pencil and paper to screens and texting?" And the global impact of the fact that the new forms of digital social media and computer literacy has been adopted in such a short period of time by so many people world wide versus the earlier forms of chiseling in stone, to papyrus, to pen and paper to the printing press over thousands of years. Will this create a greater divide amongst people of advanced literary and low-level literacy, the haves and the have nots over time?
Enough ranting on the questions that the readings/video in Reading #3 brought to my mind. What did the rest of you think about this section?
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Post by colleen on May 24, 2016 21:25:07 GMT
The idea of there being a difference between learning and acquisition is not something that I had really ever stopped to think about. Having read the article, the differences now make sense. Acquisition is more of a subconscious act and has a more vital role in becoming socially ingrained in a discourse. Learning is consciously picking up information relevant to a discourse and building off of that information to reach some level of mastery. While it is important to have the foundational information of a subject, learning alone is not enough for an individual to become fully immersed in that discourse.
Like other students mentioned, I came back to the idea of learning a second language. I took Spanish classes in high school and learned “textbook Spanish” (the vocabulary, verb conjugations, etc.) and thought that as a result I could probably get by if I needed to speak in a predominantly Spanish speaking country. Simply knowing the vocabulary and what to say isn’t enough though; there are so many cultural norms and unspoken rules that go along with other languages that can’t simply be taught. So while the language itself can be learned, truly speaking another language (like a native speaker) can only be acquired through practice and immersion. As an example, my mother speaks fluent Cuban Spanish. Despite being fluent in a language, she often came up at odds with my high school textbooks when I would ask her for help. Despite being fluent, she came across vocabulary she had never heard and would say “That’s so formal, nobody uses that term. I’ve only ever heard XYZ instead”. Knowing the linguistics and knowing them well enough to adapt them to cultural expectations are two different things. One requires learning and the other acquisition.
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Post by colleen on May 24, 2016 21:27:53 GMT
As I read the chapter for this week, I couldn't help but relate it back to my own personal experiences. I was raised fully bilingual (English and Spanish) and I constantly feel that I am relating the two discourses to one another. The text makes mention of the conflicts and tensions that can occur between two discourses, but I'd like to emphasize the connections that it also allows one to draw between the two. When I was a kid learning to read, having the knowledge from two languages allowed me to understand the meanings of words I had never heard of before, simply by relating the root-words or latin bases to my second language. I feel that that was something that actually lent tremendously to my love for reading and linguistics. That being said, I do agree with the text that splitting yourself between discourses can definitely be the source of tension. As an undergrad, I took classes in both science and liberal arts subjects, and found that the discourses required vastly different practices from me as a student. For example, my biology class met in a lecture hall and focused mostly on lecture-based instruction. My English classes, on the other hand, were in small classrooms of 12-15 students, with desks in a circle, and we would take turns critiquing each other's work. When I first made the switch from Bio to English, the differences in discourse were a bit daunting. Has anyone else had experiences where their discourses clashed? In regard to Sarah’s question: taking this class is a personal example of a clash of discourses. Throughout my undergraduate and graduate career, I have approached academics with a very structured and analytical approach. Most of my coursework has been science-based so focusing on data was key and interpretation wasn’t necessarily as important as having sound, data-driven evidence. With psychology, there is a lot that can be left to interpretation but the rules and guidelines for diagnosis are still pretty structured. I am finding that the discourse required for this class is something incredibly new and different for me. Very rarely have I stopped to break down ideas as much as is required for this class. It’s a good thing in that I’m realizing it’s a skill that I have a deficit in – something that is going to take some work. It’s a bad thing in that it’s uncomfortable switching the way that I mentally approach things for the purpose of this class and I find that I’m very set in my own way of thinking. Is anyone else finding that approaching information from multiple viewpoints is proving to be difficult?
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Post by ericalharris on May 25, 2016 3:53:53 GMT
I'm trying to get a little bit ahead so here are my thoughts on reading 5 (mushfake):
In the last section of the reading, Gee argues that those with primary discourses that are similar to the dominant discourse will have an easier time assimilating to the discourse, especially in schools. He talks about how many minority students who are late to enter the educational system have a hard time acquiring the dominant discourse because it is not similar to their primary discourse. This presented an interesting problem for educators about how to reach these students that come from backgrounds where the academic discourse is not integrated into their primary discourses, but I don't like the way Gee proposed to fix the problem. He talked about a prison term "mushfake," which basically means to fake it with whatever materials you have available because they are all you have. Something that is mushfake will never be the real thing, but it's all you can hope to do in some cases. Gee proposes that students who are late to enter the educational system or come from backgrounds that make acquiring discourses in schools difficult embrace this concept of mushfake and essentially fake fluency in the discourse in order to get by.
Am I misunderstanding his point? To me, it seems incredibly pessimistic to tell marginalized students to simply fake it to get by until the system is able to change. He mentions that these students are often able to better see the discourse for what it is and the injustices within the discourse, but then his suggestions kind of fall flat about what to do with this heightened awareness. What do you think? Is there something these students can do other than fake it because that's how the system is?
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Post by carolinebyrnes on May 25, 2016 18:39:02 GMT
In response to Erica I do believe that it is extremely pessimistic to teach students to fake it to get by. I think it is our job as educators to teach students new discourses . Teaching new discourses will allow students to thrive in difficult situations. I am having trouble deciding what would be the best way to teach these new discourses.
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Post by carolinebyrnes on May 25, 2016 18:43:54 GMT
Here are some questions I though of while reading, please feel free to respond 1) Do ELL's use mushfake? 2) How can school psychologists/ teachers help eliminate problems associated with mushfake? 3) How can teachers help non-mainstream students develop the dominant school based discourse? 4) Can teachers incorporate new/different discourses? If so, how?
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Post by carolinebyrnes on May 25, 2016 18:50:43 GMT
The idea of mushfake made me think a lot about the Brozo video we watched earlier in the semester. The article says that non-mainstream students often have difficulties developing the dominant school based district. In the Brozo video he talked about how a teacher used rap lyrics to teach writing and poetry. This different type of discourse allows non mainstream students to connect with academic topics. However, many teachers do not incorporate non academic discourses in the classroom. What are some ways teachers can incorporate less mainstream discourses in the classroom?
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Post by colleen on May 25, 2016 20:31:39 GMT
My thoughts were along the same lines as Erica’s. Reading this passage, I couldn’t help but think that the author was suggesting that students whose primary discourse did not coincide well with the discourse required by school should simply “fake it until they make it”. While it is wishful thinking that students who don’t have the privilege of prior experience with specific, popular discourses will simply begin to understand them by emulating what others do, it is no way to address something as important as education. The “one size fits all” model of education seems to be presenting more problems than it does solutions. This extends not only to the primary discourse required by schools but also the method of instruction and curriculum used. The solution to a student not meshing well with the primary discourse required is not to simply “fake it”, as the author suggests. Although it is a lofty goal, educators should meet students where they are and help find similarities between discourses in order to help them better assimilate to a school climate and make the move from feeling like an outsider to an insider. I saw this video on the news this morning and think that it reflects this idea well. A group of students at a school in Minneapolis redid their school song to better reflect the discourse of the student body. I believe that this is a great example of how the school should work to meet the discourse of the students, rather than the students all being forced to meet the preset discourse of the school. It’s evident to see that the students in this video are using their own form of literacy and a discourse different than what’s typical in schools. All the same, they seem full of pride about their school and rap about how they’re meeting educational goals and feel like they’re a part of something bigger. This video seems like it has taken students who may otherwise have considered themselves outsiders in an educational setting and inspired them to see themselves as insiders. Here's the news clip: www.hlntv.com/shows/morning-express-robin-meade/articles/2016/05/24/kids-record-new-school-songHere’s the full video: www.youtube.com/watch?v=VGRbHthYLpM&feature=youtu.beRather than faking the discourse required for a school setting, these students adapted it to better fit with their own discourse. What do you guys think about this approach and its contrast with the idea of mushfake? Thoughts on the video in general?
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Post by colleen on May 25, 2016 20:40:56 GMT
Here are some questions I though of while reading, please feel free to respond 1) Do ELL's use mushfake? 2) How can school psychologists/ teachers help eliminate problems associated with mushfake? 3) How can teachers help non-mainstream students develop the dominant school based discourse? 4) Can teachers incorporate new/different discourses? If so, how? In response to your first question, I think that to some extent everyone uses some degree of mushfake to learn a new language. However, I group this concept along with learning and acquisition. When I learned Spanish in high school, I learned the material in a textbook, worked on acquiring the language by speaking it and probably used mushfaking by interacting with others and hoping that I made sense - using personal judgement of when to use certain phrases and trying to sound like I knew what I was talking about. This is because it's a discourse unlike my primary discourse and I was trying to use what information I knew from my own discourse to help model the new one. It's a problem when the idea of mushfaking becomes part of an educational system though - to some extent, everyone "fakes it until they make it" but it shouldn't have a specified role in a classroom and it definitely shouldn't be seen as a solution for students that don't meet certain requirements. It should not be expected that students should just fake it if their discourse or prior knowledge doesn't coincide with what the school is used to. Doing so leaves a gaping hole in the educational system that many language learners are bound to fall into.
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